This can be found in the AAMI Standards Water Quality for dialysis. Acute symptomology of hypercalcemia or hard water syndrome includes nausea and vomiting, headache, muscular weakness, flushing, lethargy, pruritus, tachycardia, sever hypertension leading to vasodilation, and coma. Chronic symptoms appear as abnormal bone mineralization, soft tissue calcifications, and pancreatitis. Here is the books they reference to: Drukker, W. The hard water syndrome: a potential hazard during regular dialysis treatments. Proc. Eur. Dial. Transplant Assoc., 1969, vol.5, pp. 284-287. Evans, DB, et al. Pancreatitis in the hard water syndrome. Br. Med. J., 1975, vol. 3, p.748.
Posts: 59 | Location: Ohio | Registered: 15 February 2000
The above references are good primary sources. For supplementary information, another interesting article relating to the topic is "The Development of Water Treatment Technology for Hemodialysis" by John Cross in Dialysis & Transplantation Vol. 26 No. 9 September 1997, pp596-605.
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how about the good old Dialysis core curriculum!!!
